Here's how an Ethereum wallet is architecturally structured, described with its components and layers of code:

Main Components of an Ethereum Wallet:

1. User Interface (UI):

• Frontend: This is the part visible to the user, usually a web or mobile application that allows interaction with the wallet. It's coded in HTML, CSS, and JavaScript (or frameworks like React, Vue, etc.).

2. Control Layer:

• Backend: Handles the business logic. Here, transactions are processed, private keys are managed (though typically not stored here), and communication with the blockchain is managed. It can use languages like Node.js, Python, among others.

3. Security and Key Management:

• Keystore: Stores private keys. Wallets might use encryption methods like the Web3 Secret Storage Definition to secure them. Example: keystore.json which stores the encrypted private key.
• HD Wallet (Hierarchical Deterministic Wallet): Implements BIP32, BIP39, and BIP44 to generate addresses deterministically from a seed phrase.

4. Blockchain Interaction Layer:

• Web3 Provider: Directly interacts with the Ethereum network. This could be a personal node, a service like Infura, or a decentralized solution like Alchemy. It uses libraries like web3.js, ethers.js to send transactions, check balances, etc.

5. Smart Contract Layer:

• ABI (Application Binary Interface): Defines how to interact with smart contracts. Used to encode and decode data for contract functions.
• Libraries for Smart Contract Interaction: Like ethers.js or web3.js for reading from and writing to smart contracts.

Code Layers:

• Client Application (Frontend):
  • Language: JavaScript, TypeScript
  • Frameworks: React, Angular, Vue.js
• Server (Backend):
  • Language: JavaScript (Node.js), Python, Go, etc.
  • Frameworks: Express, Django, Flask
• Security:
  • Language: Any, but with special attention to cryptography and secure key management.
• Blockchain Interaction:
  • Language: JavaScript (with specific libraries for Ethereum)
  • Libraries: Web3.js, Ethers.js
• Smart Contracts:
  • Language: Solidity, Vyper
  • Compilation: With tools like Solc (Solidity Compiler)